IFS HRES input fields for FLEXPART (Europe)
===========================================

**Domain:** ``area = 65/-10/35/47`` (N/W/S/E)

**Grid:** use a **consistent grid across levtypes** (e.g., ``0.25/0.25`` or ``0.1/0.1``)

**Steps:** typically ``0/to/90/by/1`` (request **≥ 2** steps)


Constants
---------

- **levtype:** ``sfc`` · **type:** ``fc`` · **levels:** — · **step:** ``0``

.. list-table::
   :header-rows: 1

   * - short
     - code
     - description
     - units
   * - ``z``
     - 129
     - Geopotential height
     - m²/s²
   * - ``lsm``
     - 172
     - Land–sea mask
     - —
   * - ``sdor``
     - 160
     - Std. dev. of orography
     - —


Surface forecast fields
-----------------------

- **levtype:** ``sfc`` · **type:** ``fc`` · **levels:** — · **steps:** ``0/to/90/by/1``

.. list-table::
   :header-rows: 1

   * - short
     - code
     - description
     - units (input → preproc)
   * - ``sp``
     - 134
     - Surface pressure
     - Pa → Pa
   * - ``sd``
     - 141
     - Snow depth
     - m → m
   * - ``tcc``
     - 164
     - Total cloud cover
     - — → —
   * - ``10u``
     - 165
     - 10 m eastward wind component
     - m s⁻¹ → m s⁻¹
   * - ``10v``
     - 166
     - 10 m northward wind component
     - m s⁻¹ → m s⁻¹
   * - ``2t``
     - 167
     - 2 m temperature
     - K → K
   * - ``2d``
     - 168
     - 2 m dewpoint temperature
     - K → K
   * - ``lsp``
     - 142
     - Large-scale precipitation (**accum**)
     - m → **mm h⁻¹** (de-accum)
   * - ``cp``
     - 143
     - Convective precipitation (**accum**)
     - m → **mm h⁻¹** (de-accum)
   * - ``sshf``
     - 146
     - Surface sensible heat flux (**accum**)
     - J m⁻² → **W m⁻²** (rate)
   * - ``ssr``
     - 176
     - Surface net shortwave rad. (**accum**)
     - J m⁻² → **W m⁻²** (rate)
   * - ``ewss``
     - 180
     - Eastward turb. surface stress (**accum**)
     - N·s m⁻² → **N m⁻²** (rate)
   * - ``nsss``
     - 181
     - Northward turb. surface stress (**accum**)
     - N·s m⁻² → **N m⁻²** (rate)

.. note::

   “accum” fields are converted to rates by differencing consecutive steps and dividing by elapsed time.


Model-level forecast fields
---------------------------

- **levtype:** ``ml`` · **type:** ``fc`` · **levelist:** ``40/to/137`` · **steps:** ``0/to/90/by/1``

.. list-table::
   :header-rows: 1

   * - short
     - code
     - description
     - units
   * - ``u``
     - 131
     - Eastward wind (model levels)
     - m s⁻¹
   * - ``v``
     - 132
     - Northward wind (model levels)
     - m s⁻¹
   * - ``t``
     - 130
     - Temperature (model levels)
     - K
   * - ``q``
     - 133
     - Specific humidity (model levels)
     - kg/kg


Vertical motion (eta levels)
----------------------------

- **levtype:** ``ml`` · **type:** ``fc`` · **levelist:** ``1/to/137`` · **steps:** ``0/to/90/by/1``

.. list-table::
   :header-rows: 1

   * - short
     - code
     - description
     - units
   * - ``etadot``
     - 77
     - Eta-coordinate vertical velocity
     - s⁻¹

**Hybrid coefficients:** ``ak``, ``bk`` are derived from GRIB ``pv`` metadata when available.